Constructing written test questions for the basic and clinical sciences/
Susan M. Case y David B. Swanson
- Tercera edición revisada
- Philadelphia : National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), 2002
- 180 páginas
Section I Issues Regarding Format and Structure of Test Questions -- 7 Chapter 1. Introduction -- 9 Assessment: An Important Component of Instruction -- 9 Issues of Sampling -- 10 Importance of Psychometric Considerations -- 11 Chapter 2. Multiple-Choice-Item Formats -- 13 True /False vs One-Best-Answer Questions -- 13 The True /False Family -- 14 The One-Best-Answer Family -- 16 The Bottom Line on Item Formats -- 18 Chapter 3. Technical Item Flaws -- 19 Issues Related to Testwiseness -- 19 Issues Related to Irrelevant Difficulty -- 22 Summary of Technical Item Flaws -- 26 Use of Imprecise Terms in Examination Questions -- 27 Section II Writing One-Best-Answer Questions for the Basic and Clinical Sciences -- 31 The Basic Rules for One-Best-Answer Items -- 33 Chapter 4. Item Content: Testing Application of Basic Science Knowledge -- 35 Item Content for the Basic Sciences -- 35 Item Templates -- 38 Additional Templates -- 39 Types of Questions and Sample Lead-ins and Option Lists -- 40 Writing the Options: Altering Item Difficulty -- 41 Item Shape -- 42 Problem-Based Learning and Use of Case Clusters -- 43 Sample Items for the Basic Sciences -- 47 Chapter 5. Item Content: Testing Application of Clinical Science Knowledge -- 51 Methods for Assessment -- 51 General Issues Regarding What to Test -- 52 Testing Recall of Isolated Facts or Application of Knowledge -- 53 Writing One-Best-Answer Items -- 56 Fine Points on Item Stems -- 57 Verbosity, Window Dressing, and Red Herrings: Do They Make a Better Test Item? -- 58 Writing Items Related to Physician Tasks -- 61 Writing Items on Difficult Topics -- 66 Section III Extended-Matching Items -- 69 Chapter 6. Extended-Matching (R-Type) Items -- 71 Avoiding Flaws When You Write Extended-Matching Items for Your Own Examination -- 72 Sample Lead-ins and Topics for Option Lists -- 74 More on Options for R-Sets -- 75 Writing the Item Stems -- 76 Sample Good and Bad Item Stems Using the Same Option List -- 77 Overview of the Steps for Writing Extended-Matching Items -- 81 Sample Extended-Matching Sets -- 82 Steps for Organizing a Group to Write Clinical R-sets -- 90 Form for Writing R-Sets -- 93 Sample SPSSX Code to Score Multiple-Choice Tests Including Extended-Matching Items -- 94 Comparison of Items in Five-Option and Extended-Matching Format -- 96 A’s to R’s and Back Again -- 97 Chapter 7. Pick N Items: An Extension of the Extended-Matching Format -- 99 Section IV Additional -- 105 Chapter 8. Interpretation of Item Analysis Results -- 107 Chapter 9. Establishing a Pass -- Fail Standard -- 111 Definitions and Basic Principles -- 111 Two Standard-Setting Methods Based on Judgements about Items -- 112 Relative/Absolute Compromise Standards: The Hofstee Method -- 114 Chapter 10. Miscellaneous Thoughts on Topics Related to Testing -- 115 Appendix A. The Graveyard of NBME Item Formats -- 117 Appendix B. Sample Item-Writing Templates, Items, Lead-Ins, and Option Lists For the Basic and Clinical Sciences -- 129